Astronomy Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Preparation Guide

The distinction between a theory and a hypothesis lies fundamentally in the level of support and testing each has undergone in the scientific process. A theory is generally regarded as a well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena that has withstood extensive testing and has survived attempts to disprove it. In contrast, a hypothesis is a preliminary idea or educated guess that proposes a potential explanation for a phenomenon, which requires further testing and validation through experiments and observations.

The correct choice highlights that a theory emerges from multiple hypotheses that have been rigorously tested and are supported by consistent evidence. The strength of a theory is derived from its resilience against challenges and its ability to explain and predict natural events effectively.

On the other hand, other options present misconstrued definitions: stating that a theory has been conclusively proven oversimplifies the scientific process, as science constantly seeks further evidence or alternative explanations; claiming a hypothesis must have numerous supporting experiments suggests that a single hypothesis cannot be tested in isolation; and insisting that a theory cannot be modified ignores the evolving nature of scientific knowledge, where new data can lead to refinements or re-evaluations of existing theories. Thus, the correct answer appropriately captures the essence of the scientific method and the hierarchical relationship between hypotheses and theories.